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IRZ archive, page 21.

Complex geometries made by implosion carving in hydrogel, including a butterfly-wing-inspired structure and a helix

2,000× smaller? Only if you count volume

MIT carves empty space into a swollen hydrogel, then shrinks it. The 2,000× figure is volume; roughly 13× linear shrinkage pushes features below 100 nm.

3D-printed earth walls at IAAC's Forest Campus in Collserola Natural Park

The printer is fast. The earth refuses to keep up

3D printing can turn local soil into a building, but the robot only automates deposition. The difficult craft moves into mix design, drying, toolpaths and construction details.